Online doctor visits can be easy, but Congress thinks they increase costs – The Washington Post
ByPhil GalewitzJune 22
Donna Miles didnt feel like getting dressed and driving to her physicians office or to a retailers health clinic near her Cincinnati home.
For several days, she had thought she had thrush, a mouth infection that made her tongue sore and discolored with raised white spots. When Miles, 68, awoke on a wintry February morning and the pain had not subsided, she decided to see a doctor. So she turned on her computer and logged on towww.livehealth.com, a service offered by her Medicare Advantage plan, Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield of Ohio. She spoke to a physician, who used the camera on Miless computer to peer into her mouth and who then sent a prescription to her pharmacy.
This was so easy, Miles said.
For Medicare patients, its also incredibly rare.
Nearly 20 years after such videoconferencing technology has been available for health services, fewer than 1 percent of Medicare beneficiaries use it. Anthem and a health plan in western Pennsylvania are the only two Medicare Advantage insurers offering the virtual visits, and the traditional Medicare program has tightly limited telemedicine payments to certain rural areas. And even there, the beneficiary must already be at a clinic, a rule that often defeats the goal of making care more convenient.
Congress has maintained such restrictions out of concern that the service might increase Medicare expenses. The Congressional Budget Office and other analysts have said giving seniors access to doctors online will encourage them to use more services, not replace costly visits to emergency rooms and urgent care centers.
In 2012, the latest year for which data are available, Medicare paid about $5 million for telemedicine services barely a blip compared with the programs total spending of $466 billion, according to astudyin the journal Telemedicine.
The very advantage of telehealth, its ability to make care convenient, is also potentially its Achilles heel, Ateev Mehrotra, a Rand Corp. analyst,told a House Energy and Commerce subcommitteelast year. Telehealth may be too convenient.
But the telemedicine industry says letting more beneficiaries get care online would reduce doctor visits and emergency care. Industry officials, as well as the American Medical Association, the American Hospital Association and other health experts, say its time for Congress to expand use of telemedicine in Medicare.
Popular outside Medicare
There is no question that telemedicine is going to be an increasingly important portal for doctors and other providers to stay connected with patients, former Surgeon General Richard Carmona said in an interview.
Some health experts say its disappointing that most seniors cant take advantage of the benefit that many of their children have.
Medicare beneficiaries are paying a huge price for not having this benefit, said Jay Wolfson, a professor of public health, medicine and pharmacy at the University of South Florida in Tampa. For example, he said, telemedicine could help seniors with follow-up appointments that might be missed because of transportation problems.
Aetna and UnitedHealthcare cover telemedicine services for members younger than 65, regardless of whether enrollees live in the city or in the country. About 37 percent of large employers said that they expect to offer their employees a telemedicine benefit this year, according to asurveylast year by Towers Watson, an employee benefits firm. About 800,000 online medical consultations will be done in 2015, according to the American Telemedicine Association, a trade group.
Medicares tight lid on telemedicine is showing signs of changing. In addition to Medicare Advantage plans, several Medicare accountable care organizations, or ACOs groups of doctors and hospitals that coordinate patient care for at least 5,000 enrollees have begun using the service. Medicare Advantage plans have the option to offer telemedicine without the tight restrictions in the traditional Medicare program because they are paid a fixed amount by the federal government to care for seniors. As a result, Medicare is not directly paying for the telemedicine services; instead, the services are paid for through plan revenue.
Republicans and Democrats in Congress are also considering broadening the use of telemedicine; some of them tried unsuccessfully to add such provisions to the recent law that revamped Medicare doctor payment rules and to the House bill that seeks to streamline drug approvals.
Changing this dynamic
This year, Medicare expanded telemedicine coverage for mental health services and annual wellness visits when done in certain rural areas and when the patient is at a doctors office or health clinic.
Medicare . . . is still laboring under a number of limitations that dis-incentivize telemedicine use, said Jonathan Neufeld, clinical director of the Upper Midwest Telehealth Resource Center, an Indiana-based consortium of organizations involved in telemedicine. But ACOs and other alternative payment methods have the possibility of changing this dynamic.
AARP wants Congress to allow all Medicare beneficiaries to have coverage for telemedicine services, said Andrew Scholnick, a senior legislative representative for the lobbying group. We would like to see a broader use of this service, he said. He stressed that AARP prefers that Medicare patients use telemedicine in conjunction with seeing their regular doctor.
The American Medical Association hasendorsed congressional effortsto change Medicares policy on telemedicine, as has theAmerican Academy of Family Physicians. We see the potential for it . . . to improve quality and lower costs, said Robert Wergin, president of the academy and a family doctor in Milford, Neb. He said such technology can help patients who are disabled or dont have easy transportation to the doctors office.
Anthem, which provides its telemedicine option to about 350,000 Medicare Advantage members in 12 states, expects the system to improve care and make it more affordable. Its also about the consumer experience and giving consumers convenience to be able to be face to face with a doctor in less than 10 minutes, 365 days a year, said John Jesser, an Anthem vice president. Anthem provides the service at no extra charge to its Medicare Advantage members.
While seniors are more likely to have more complicated health issues, telemedicine for them is no riskier than for younger patients, said Mia Finkelston, a family physician in Leonardtown, Md., who works with American Well, a firm that provides the technology behind Livehealth.com. Thats because the online doctors know when they can handle health issues and know when to advise people to seek an in-person visit or head to the emergency room, she said.
Our intent is not to replace their primary care physician, but to augment their care, she said.
This article was produced byKaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.
